Agro-Food Supply Chain Traceability using Blockchain and IPFS

Abstract

Many blockchain initiatives significantly use the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to store user data off-chain. The centralized administration, ambiguous data, unreliable data, and ease of creating information islands are all issues with traditional traceability systems. This study develops a monitoring system using blockchain technology to record and inquire about product information in the supply network of Non-Perishable (NP) agro goods to address the above issues. The transparency and trustworthiness of traceability data were considerably improved by employing blockchain technology's distributed, tamper-proof, and traceable properties. To alleviate the strain on the blockchain and enable efficient information inquiry, a storage structure is built in which both public and private data are stored in the blockchain and the Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) using cryptography. Because of its ability to trace the origin of food, blockchain technology contributes to the development of reliable food supply chains and the establishment of rapport between farmers and their customers. Since it provides a secure location for data to be kept, it can pave the way for implementing data-driven farming techniques. In addition to improving data security, recording farm data in IPFS and storing encrypted file IPFS hashes in smart contracts solves the issue of blockchain storage explosion. And when used in tandem with smart contracts, it enables instantaneous outflows between parties in response to changes in data stored in the blockchain. The paper also offers simulations of the implementation and analysis of the performance. The findings validate that our system improves security for sensitive information, safeguards supply chain data, and meets the needs of real-world applications. Furthermore, it boosts throughput efficiency while reducing latency.