AGROECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF SOWING METHODS AND SOWING RATES OF SAFLORO DYE SEEDS IN THE VOLGOGRAD REGION

Abstract

Background. Safflower belongs to the category of insurance oilseeds, it is able to grow and form a seed crop for vegetable oils in extremely arid conditions. The production of safflower seeds is associated with extreme conditions, and therefore it is necessary to clarify in the arid climate of the Volgograd region in the zone of light chestnut soils the optimal seed sowing rate and an effective method of sowing it.
 Purpose. To study and determine the methods of sowing safflower seeds and the optimal sowing rates in agricultural landscapes in the zone of light-chestnut soils, the dry steppe of the Nizhnevolzhsky region to obtain high-quality seeds.
 Materials and methods. A single-factor field experiment was laid in 2022, in the steppe zone with a hydrothermal coefficient of 0.6-0.4. On the site for obtaining seeds, safflower was sown according to its predecessor - black fallow. Since autumn, the main tillage was carried out - disking, in the spring, spring harrowing in two tracks, followed by pre-sowing cultivation. The cultivars of dyeing safflower Aleksandrit, Volgogradsky 15 were sown, the originator of which is the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The repetition in the experiment is threefold, the variants are continuous. All repetitions in the experiment are placed in one field. The area of the experimental plot is 180 m2. The weather conditions during the period of formation of the safflower crop are characterized as dry, HTC 0.6, and the reserve of productive moisture during the sowing period in the meter layer was 12.72 mm. placement of options is systematic, sequential, in blocks in one tier
 Results. The conducted studies made it possible to determine that the highest yield of safflower was obtained from the Alexandrite variety of 1.22 t/ha in sowing with row spacing, a width of 15 cm and a seeding rate of 30 kg/ha and a profitability of producing high-quality seeds of 238.9%.
 Conclusion. Under the conditions of light chestnut soils in the dry steppe of the Volgograd region, it is advisable to sow safflower between rows, the width of which is 15 cm, and the optimal seeding rate is 30 kg/ha, while the economic benefit of seed production will be up to 238.9%.