Agrochemical objectivation of corn root residues accumulation using different methods of soil treatment and fertilizer doses

Abstract

Soil treatment and fertilization influenced the amount of root residues in the soil. The greatest amount of root residues mass was obtained by plowing and ranged from 4.45 t/ha in the control to 5.06 t/ha in the variant with the introduction of mineral fertilizers. For all treatments, the application of organic and mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on root residues accumulation, their maximum accumulation was obtained in the variant N130P130K130 + N100 and amounted to 4.67 - 5.06 t/ha. For all processing methods, the highest load of corn root residues is in the 0-10 cm layer. On average over the years of research maize for silage left in a grain-row crop rotation in a soil layer of 0-30 cm on the control for plowing 22.3 kg/ha of nitrogen, 2.8 kg/ha of phosphorus and 7.0 kg/ha of potassium. The use of mineral fertilizers at the rates (NPK) 70 and (NPK) 140 increased these indicators respectively to 28.0-30.2; 3.8-3.9 and 10.9-11.6 kg/ha. Organic fertilizers in the third year of aftereffect practically did not change the amount of nutrients accumulation in comparison with the unfertilized option. Using organo-mineral fertilization system nitrogen remained in the soil with a root mass of 28.0-28.9 kg/ha, phosphorus 4.1-4.2 and 10.9-11.3 kg/ha of potassium. A similar pattern was observed in the variants with soil cultivation without seam turnover and in the variant with the aftereffect of manure after shallow cultivation significantly less nutrients were accumulated compared to plowing. So, on plowed plots there was more nitrogen by 1.8 kg/ha, by 0.4 kg/ha phosphorus and by 0.7 kg/ha potassium. The methods of basic soil treatment in this crop rotation did not have a significant effect on the nutrients’ accumulation.