Abstract
The article identifies two problem areas in relation to the otherwise impressive agricultural growth achieved by Vietnam: a marked trend towards rural differentiation and to marginalization of certain groups, and the emergence of substantial unemployment. It assesses the potential contributions of household-based rural industry and of independent small-scale enterprises, concluding that while the former makes a useful contribution to household viability it cannot provide a solution. However, important possibilities do exist for processing agricultural and livestock production in independent enterprises, based on a foundation of a more diversified and commercialized agriculture. Where the agricultural resource base is more circumscribed, as in the North, a strategy of labour-intensive manufacturing for export is called for.
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