Agri-environmental role of protective forest plantations

Abstract

Forest improvement systems in agricultural territories of the central forest-steppe of Russia are designed to ensure a stable ecological state of landscapes, reduce the risks of adverse natural phenomena and anthropogenic load. The area of preserved protective plantings is about 600 thousand hectares in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region. The effectiveness of such biological objects depends, first of all, on the structure of the transverse plantation profile. Linear plantations change the ecological conditions of plantation, the productivity of artificial phytocenoses during the growing season. Under the influence of forest belts, an increase in the moisture content of the surface air layer (by 1.8–6.9%), biological activity of the soil (by 3.6–5.3%), a decrease in the temperature regime of the surface layer of the soil (by 1.0–1.9 °C) and air (0.4-1.5 °C) takes place. Such changes contribute to an increase in the yield of winter wheat by 3.3-5.5 c/ha. The best in influencing the ecological indicators of the landscape are protective stands of the blown, open-blown and open structures, where the range of influence extends to 15-30 planting heights. The formation of protective plantings of optimal structures provide the most complete protection of agrolandscapes from negative natural phenomena, increase the ecological capacity and contributes to obtaining stable and maximum yields of agricultural crops.