Abstract
In methanolic extracts of the biomass from agitated cultures of Aronia arbutifolia and Aronia × prunifolia grown on four variants of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, with different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs): BA and NAA (0.5–3.0 mg/l), the quantities of phenolic acids (19 compounds) and flavonoids (11 compounds) were estimated using the LC-DAD method. The amounts of individual metabolites and total contents were dependent on the concentration of PGRs in MS medium variant. The maximum total amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoids reached 360.80 and 65.26 mg/100 g DW, and 659.51 and 78.34 mg/100 g DW for A. arbutifolia and A. × prunifolia, respectively. The main metabolites in the biomass of both plants were chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid and quercitrin (max. 175.94, 147.98 and 41.14 mg/100 g DW, and 260.34, 225.26 and 78.34 mg/100 g DW, respectively). The cells of both plants convert the exogenously supplied hydroquinone into its β-D-glucoside—arbutin. The maximal total content of the product accumulated in the biomass and media reached 83.55 and 73.62 mg/g DW. The obtained results demonstrated for the first time a high biosynthetic potential of agitated cultures of both plants.
Highlights
The groups of plant metabolites that are important in therapy, in the production of healthy food and in cosmetology include polyphenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids (Hussain et al 2012)
The estimated phenolic acids were accumulated in the biomass; no compounds were detected in the media
The same phenomenon was observed in agitated cultures of other plant species, e.g., for schisandra lignans in S. chinensis (Szopa et al 2016), and for furanocoumarins in R. graveolens and R. graveolens ssp. divaricata (Ekiert and Czygan 2005), and for phenolic acids and flavonoids in H. perforatum
Summary
The groups of plant metabolites that are important in therapy, in the production of healthy food and in cosmetology include polyphenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids (Hussain et al 2012) These two groups of compounds have been proven to have valuable antioxidant properties (Krolicka et al 2008; Procházková et al 2011; Giri et al 2012). × prunifolia, we had proven their ability to accumulate both phenolic acids and flavonoids in notable amounts (Szopa et al 2018) Encouraged by those results, we had decided to establish agitated cultures of both plants, as a type of cultures more valuable for practical applications, and as a preliminary step for growing cultures in large-scale installations. × prunifolia to accumulate endogenously phenolic acids and flavonoids, and of an efficient biotransformation of an exogenous precursor—hydroquinone, was aimed at exploring the biosynthetic potential of cells from agitated cultures of the two plants. Previous biotechnological studies of the two plants by other centres concerned only the development of micropropagation protocols (Brand and Cullina 1992)
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