Abstract
To examine the interrelationship of aging extension and modification of lipid metabolism under chronic caloric restriction (CCR; reduced concentration of the green algae Tetraselmis suecica) in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus, we assessed life cycle parameters, fatty acid composition, and expression of sirtuin and genes related to lipid metabolism. B. koreanus in the 5% T. suecica group showed an increased life span but decreased reproduction. Based on this finding, we chose 5% T. suecica for further experiments and compared the data with those for 100% T. suecica. Upregulation of sirtuin gene expression was observed under CCR. In addition, despite the reduction in the amount of total fatty acid (FA) and the area of triacylglycerol, increases in the ratios of saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) to total FA in 5%-exposed B. koreanus were observed. Furthermore, mRNA expression analysis confirmed that CCR promoted the synthesis of MUFA through Δ9 desaturase. Moreover, expression of the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) synthesizing gene Δ4 desaturase was also upregulated, together with DHA content. These data suggest that CCR modified protein acetylation and lipid metabolism, leading to a decrease in reproduction and consequently resulting in life span extension.
Highlights
The energy trade-off between life span and reproduction is commonly observed in most animal taxa[1]
An increase in life span was positively correlated with an increase in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) synthesis in H3K4me[3] methyltransferase-deficient C. elegans[20]
We chose 5% T. suecica, which showed an increase in life span and decrease in fecundity, for further analysis of modulation of the expression of sirtuin and genes related to lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition under caloric restriction (CCR) in the rotifer B. koreanus
Summary
The energy trade-off between life span and reproduction is commonly observed in most animal taxa[1]. In addition to protein deacetylase mechanisms, recent studies have revealed that CCR affects lipid metabolism. B. koreanus has the additional advantage over other aquatic species of the ability to reveal mechanisms as we have successfully identified its whole RNA sequence[29] The purpose of this investigation is to examine the interrelationship of aging extension and modification of lipid metabolism under CCR in B. koreanus. We chose 5% T. suecica, which showed an increase in life span and decrease in fecundity, for further analysis of modulation of the expression of sirtuin and genes related to lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition under CCR in the rotifer B. koreanus. This study provides new insight into the interplay between CCR and the relationships between protein deacetylase genes, lipid metabolism, and life cycle parameters
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