Abstract
This paper aimed at the aggregation mechanism of natural schwertmannite (SCH) particles covered with layers composed of two different substances, i.e., trace metals (cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu)) and commercial polyacrylamide tackifier (PAM). The mineral applied was taken from the Muskau Arch area (Poland) and characterized. Coating of SCH with Cu, Cd, and PAM was conducted in the systems containing one- or two substances. To estimate the mineral aggregation with and without specific adsorption layers, the stability study was carried out. The obtained results indicated that the accumulation of both trace metal ions and polymer was higher in the mixed adsorption layers. Then, the adsorption efficiency of Cd increased even by 25.10% (pH 5). The highest growth in the PAM adsorption was noted at pH 6, i.e., by 49.73% (in the presence of Cu) and 42.80% (Cd). The aggregation of the SCH particles covered with mixed adsorption layers was stronger than that without adsorbates. Under these conditions, the turbidity of the system was only 57.2 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units), whilst after 60 min, 54.4 NTU. In the simultaneous presence of PAM and trace metal ions, the solid particles formed flocs of considerable size. The polymer formed specific bridges between them and thus facilitate their contact (flocculation). What is more, trace metal ions mediated connection of the particles coated with PAM.
Published Version
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