Abstract
Currently, dental caries is the main reason of patient visits to dentists. A great deal of scientific work is dedicated to the study of enamel caries. The reason for this is the necessity for more detailed study of the pathogenesis of dental caries and other pathological processes occurring in tooth enamel. The application of modern high-technological methods of research has made it possible to study enamel structure in detail. Hard dental tissues are composed of organic and inorganic components and water. The organic substance consists of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. At different ages, caries intensity may vary. The carious process often develops during the first months after the tooth eruption but much less in adulthood and old age. These processes are mainly associated with the mechanisms of ionic exchange between the oral cavity and hard dental tissues. Different groups of teeth are differently affected by the carious process. Previous studies have revealed that age is an important factor influencing on the structure and chemical composition of hard dental tissues. Various recent works at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of Voronezh N.N. Burdenko State Medical Academy (VSMA) have studied not only the structural-morphological features of the enamel in children and adults but also the level of metabolic processes inside it. As a result of aging, teeth change both the enamel structure and the level of its ionic processes, but unfortunately, these changes have not been well characterized in teeth with conventional age-specific differences.
Highlights
Dental caries and its complications are the main reason of patient visits to dentists [1,2,3,4]
The results of the national epidemiological dental survey conducted by the WHO criteria in 2007–2008 [5] indicated that the prevalence of dental caries remained high among the population of the Russian Federation: caries of primary teeth was found in 84% of children aged 6, caries of permanent teeth was in 72% of children aged 12 and in 99%–100% of adults
The natural state of tooth enamel in life is a dynamic balance between the demineralization and remineralization processes, which violation may result in caries progression
Summary
Dental caries and its complications are the main reason of patient visits to dentists [1,2,3,4]. In non-prismatic areas, the apatite crystals are placed at right angle to the enamel surface, which results in its fine-grained appearance [29,30]. The formation of these areas comes from a compensatory response to the enamel attrition. Recent results of tunneling microscopy of enamel and dentin do confirm the presence of the previously identified features of the tooth microstructure and reveal the presence of “tunnels” of the first, second, third, and fourth orders They define more precisely the qualitative and quantitative microelement structure of their walls and inner content of both organic and inorganic nature [14,35].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
