Стоматологическая заболеваемость у детей с врожденной расщелиной верхней губы и неба в регионе с экотоксикантами

Abstract

Relevance. Congenital cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common severe congenital malformations. In recent decades, there has been a tendency to an increase in the frequency of this defect, as well as congenital malformations in general, which is associated with an increased effect of toxic substances on the body, due to the intensive development of industry, in particular chemical. In children with this defect, a high prevalence of somatic and dental diseases is recorded, a high prevalence and intensity of dental caries, non-carious lesions, and periodontal diseases is revealed. This indicates that children are in dire need of dental care, and the problem of prevention and treatment of dental diseases in such children is especially relevant. Purpose. Study of dental morbidity in children with congenital clefts of the upper lip and palate (CLP) at the age of 3 years and 6 years, comparing them with children without this pathology. Materials and methods. The article presents the results of a dental examination of 195 children with CLP, of which 108 children aged 3 years, 87 children aged 6 years, and also 187 healthy children, 103 of them children aged 3 years, 84 at the age of 6 years. In the examined children, the prevalence and intensity of dental caries, malformations of hard dental tissues, periodontal diseases, dentofacial anomalies, and the hygienic condition of the oral cavity were assessed. For determination of the intensity of dental caries in children 3 years old, the «kpu» index was used, and in children of 6 years, the «KPU + kp» index was used. The hygienic condition of the oral cavity was assessed by the FedorovVolodkina index (1968), periodontal status in children 6 years of the age by the KPI index (Leus PA, 1988). The results of the examination were entered into the registration cards of the dental status of children (WHO, 2013). Results. During the dental examination, a high prevalence and intensity of dental caries, poor oral hygiene among in children 3 and 6 years old with CLP. In the majority of the examined children with CLP, compared with children without this pathology, enamel hypoplasia is more often diagnosed and the prevalence of dental anomalies and periodontal diseases is higher. Conclusions. Тhe results of the work justify the need for planning and carrying out measures for the prevention and treatment of dental diseases in children with CLP, including rational oral hygiene, health education and hygienic education of children and their parents, oral sanation and dispensary observation.