Agenesis of first and second permanent molar: Literature review and cases reports

Abstract

SUMMARYTooth agenesis is the absence of one ormore teeth in temporary or permanent dentition.This anomaly in craniofacial malformationsis more frequent, that may occur asan isolated anomaly or as part of a geneticsyndrome. The incidence of agenesis ofpermanent teeth varies1.6-9.6%, excludingthird molars, while in primary dentition therange is 0.5 to 0.9%. The factors that arerelated to dental agenesis, are the genes andsignaling pathways. Specifically Pax9 hasbeen associated with the lack of permanentmolars. Agenesis of the first and secondpermanent molars is not very commonbut has been reported in the literature andcan be isolated or causing malocclusion.Therefore, early diagnosis is essential toestablish a treatment plan to help guide theeruption of other teeth and prevent sequeldue to agenesis. Four clinical cases are presentedof patients with agenesis of first andsecond permanent molars to complementthe literature review.Key words: Dental agenesis, first permanentmolars, second permanent molars,malocclusion, organogenesis defect.