Age-Related Remodeling of the Hypopharyngeal Constrictor Muscle and Its Subneural Apparatuses: A Scanning Electron Microscopical Study in Rats

Abstract

Age-related remodeling of the hypopharyngeal constrictor muscle was studied by comparing the morphological features of the subneural apparatus (SNA) of the thyropharyngeal (TP) and cricopha ryngeal (CP) muscles in young and old rats. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the TP and CP muscles had both gutter- and depression-type SNAs, although different proportions of the two types of apparatus were found in each muscle. In young-adult rats, the gutter-type SNA was predominant in the TP muscle, whereas in the CP muscle the depression type was predominant. By contrast, in old rats, the depression-type SNA was predominant in the TP muscle, while no such transformation of the dominant SNA was noted in the CP muscle. In addition, the number of type IIb and type I muscle fibers was lower and greater, respectively, in older animals compared with those of younger animals. Furthermore, there were more type IIc fibers in the TP muscle of old rats, but no difference in the CP muscle between young and old animals. These findings suggest that the transformation of SNAs and the muscle fibers of the hypopharyngeal constrictor muscle takes place during aging and that their remodeling processes differ in the TP and CP muscles.