Age features of the morpho-functional state of the liver in the distant terms of experimental diabetes mellitus.

Abstract

Background. Between the most frequent complications of diabetes mellitus are diabetic hepatopathies, which are accompanied by a violation of the functional activity of the liver. Objective. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to establish the morpho-functional changes of the liver of 24 months old rats in the distant terms of streptozotocine diabetes mellitus. Methods. The study was conducted on 24 male Wistar rats that had reached the age of 24 months. The animals were divided into 2 groups: experimental (15 animals) and control (9 animals). For streptozotocine diabetes mellitus modelling, animals of the experimental group were administered intraperitoneally with streptozotocin in a dose of 5 mg per 100 g of body weight. Biochemical, histological (coloring of hematoxylin-eosin, Shabadash, Sudan III) and electron-microscopic methods of research were used. The material was taken on the 42, 56 and 70 days of the streptozotocine diabetes mellitus course. Results. At the 42 day of streptozotocine diabetes mellitus we detect the unevenness of the coloration of the hepatocyte cytoplasm due to the presence of small vacuoles, indicating the development of vacuolic dystrophy. At the 56 day of streptozotocine diabetes mellitus, both on the optical and electron microscopic levels, we find the signs of lipid, vacuolic and balloon dystrophy. In hepatocytes there are numerous lipid drops, which may indicate the development of fatty dystrophy. At the 70 day of streptozotocine diabetes mellitus, a significant polymorphism of morphological changes in hepatocytes is observed. Some of them show the signs of vacuolation, others - balloon dystrophy. We observe that separate hepatocytes are in the state of colic necrosis, others - are in a state of apoptosis. Starting from the 42 day of streptozotocine diabetes mellitus, we observe an increased level of activity of enzymes of the cytolysis of hepatocytes, both in blood serum and in liver homogenates, in comparison with the control group of animals, and the reduction of the Ritis coefficient. Conclusion. Thus, in the distant terms of streptozotocine diabetes mellitus (42-70 days), we observe the morpho-functional changes in the liver, which are manifested: vacuolar and hydropic dystrophies, colic-type necrosis, apoptosis. Such structural changes in the liver lead to a violation of its function, which is confirmed by a significant increase in the level of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and simultaneous decrease in the Ritis coefficient.