Age and Body Mass Index Are Independent Risk Factors for the Development of Postoperative Paralytic Ileus After Radical Cystectomy

Abstract

To identify the risk factors that would aid in the identification of patients at the greatest risk of developing postoperative paralytic ileus (POI). POI is a common complication after radical cystectomy and can result in a prolonged hospital stay and delayed recovery. A retrospective cohort study design was used to analyze data from consecutive patients presenting to our institution for radical cystectomy with pelvic nodal dissection. POI was declared if patients were without evidence of bowel function beyond the anticipated discharge goal of 6 days. The association between several clinical features and the occurrence of POI was examined. Of 283 patients, 43 (15.2%) developed POI. Of the 43 patients, 38 (88.4%) were given total parenteral nutrition for nutritional supplementation. No difference in the incidence of POI was observed between the sexes, previous abdominal operations, estimated blood loss, transfusion requirement, operative time, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, or previous radiotherapy. POI was observed in 11.3% of normal and overweight patients (body mass index [BMI] <30.0 kg/m(2)) compared with 25.6% of obese patients (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m(2); P = .005). On multivariate analysis adjusted for the influence of competing variables, increasing age (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.16, P = .008) and BMI (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.17, P = .007) were significantly associated with the presence of POI. Our results showed that increasing age and BMI were significantly associated with the presence of POI in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.