Abstract
New advances in atomic force microscopy (AFM) enable real-time imaging of live plant cell walls. Imaging is achieved by recording the atomic forces between a cell wall surface and a sharp tip mounted at the end of a flexible cantilever that is raster scanned. This allows direct characterization of the native nanostructures by height and nanomechanical properties by modulus in physiological fluids. In addition, AFM-based tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (AFM-TERS) can acquire the chemical composition of the cell wall, elucidating the relationship between the cell wall nanostructures, components, and functions.
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