Abstract
This study focuses on numerical prediction and experimental investigation of deformation behaviour of a tungsten heavy alloy prepared via powder metallurgy and subsequent cold (20 °C) and warm (900 °C) rotary swaging. Special emphasis was placed on the prediction of the effects of the applied induction heating. As shown by the results, the predicted material behaviour was in good correlation with the real experiment. The differences in the plastic flow during cold and warm swaging imparted differences in structural development and the occurrence of residual stress. Both the swaged pieces exhibited the presence of residual stress in the peripheries of W agglomerates. However, the NiCO matrix of the warm-swaged piece also exhibited the presence of residual stress, and it also featured regions with increased W content. Testing of mechanical properties revealed the ultimate tensile strength of the swaged pieces to be approximately twice as high as of the sintered piece (860 MPa compared to 1650 MPa and 1828 MPa after warm and cold swaging, respectively).
Highlights
IntroductionProperties, tungsten heavy alloys (THAs) are primarily used to shield radiation or to block kinetic energy [1,2]
For their exceptional mechanical and physicalproperties, tungsten heavy alloys (THAs) are primarily used to shield radiation or to block kinetic energy [1,2]
The results showed that the heating time necessary to heat the THA work piece to the required temperature of 900 ◦ C with the maximum allowable deviation of 20 ◦ C and, at the same time, to provide homogeneous temperature distribution throughout the entire work piece, was 24 s (Figure 3b,c)
Summary
Properties, tungsten heavy alloys (THAs) are primarily used to shield radiation or to block kinetic energy [1,2]. They can be used advantageously for other demanding applications, such as for production of therapeutic devices in oncology, for kinetic penetrators in the military, or as aircraft counterbalances [3,4]. Contents of the alloying elements (i.e., matrix) lower than 3 wt.% can cause brittleness of the final product [6]. High contents of alloying elements contribute to inhomogeneity of the mechanical properties and usually to an uneven shape of the sintered piece cross-section due to gravity sedimentation during sintering. The matrix is homogenously distributed in the gaps between the tungsten agglomerates [7]
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