Abstract
Abstract. Aerosol particles were characterized by an Aerodyne aerosol chemical speciation monitor along with various collocated instruments in Beijing, China, to investigate the role of fireworks (FW) and secondary aerosol in particulate pollution during the Chinese Spring Festival of 2013. Three FW events, exerting significant and short-term impacts on fine particles (PM2.5), were observed on the days of Lunar New Year, Lunar Fifth Day, and Lantern Festival. The FW were shown to have a large impact on non-refractory potassium, chloride, sulfate, and organics in submicron aerosol (PM1), of which FW organics appeared to be emitted mainly in secondary, with its mass spectrum resembling that of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Pollution events (PEs) and clean periods (CPs) alternated routinely throughout the study. Secondary particulate matter (SPM = SOA + sulfate + nitrate + ammonium) dominated the total PM1 mass on average, accounting for 63–82% during nine PEs in this study. The elevated contributions of secondary species during PEs resulted in a higher mass extinction efficiency of PM1 (6.4 m2 g-1) than during CPs (4.4 m2 g-1). The Chinese Spring Festival also provides a unique opportunity to study the impact of reduced anthropogenic emissions on aerosol chemistry in the city. Primary species showed ubiquitous reductions during the holiday period with the largest reduction being in cooking organic aerosol (OA; 69%), in nitrogen monoxide (54%), and in coal combustion OA (28%). Secondary sulfate, however, remained only slightly changed, and the SOA and the total PM2.5 even slightly increased. Our results have significant implications for controlling local primary source emissions during PEs, e.g., cooking and traffic activities. Controlling these factors might have a limited effect on improving air quality in the megacity of Beijing, due to the dominance of SPM from regional transport in aerosol particle composition.
Highlights
Air pollution caused by fine particles (PM2.5) is of great concern in densely populated megacities because of its adverse effects on human health and regional air quality (Molina and Molina, 2004; Chan and Yao, 2008)
It is interesting to note that the contribution of primary organic aerosol (POA) increased as a function of organic loadings, which varied from ∼ 35 to 63 % when organics were above 80 μg m−3 (Fig. 7c)
FW exerted a large impact on organics that were mainly demonstrated as secondary, as indicated by its similar mass spectrum to that of oxygenated organic aerosol (OA)
Summary
Air pollution caused by fine particles (PM2.5) is of great concern in densely populated megacities because of its adverse effects on human health and regional air quality (Molina and Molina, 2004; Chan and Yao, 2008). Fireworks (FW) are one of the most important primary sources that can exert significant and shorttime impacts on air quality Their burning emits a large amount of gaseous pollutants, e.g., sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) (Vecchi et al, 2008; Huang et al, 2012), and fine particles comprising organic/elemental carbon, sulfate, potassium, chloride, and various metals, e.g., copper (Cu), barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), and magnesium (Mg) (Moreno et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2007; Li et al, 2013). Recent deployments of Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) have greatly improved our understanding of the sources and evolution processes of OA (organic aerosol) in China, and the different roles of primary organic aerosol (POA) and SOA in PM pollution (Huang et al, 2010; Sun et al, 2010, 2012, 2013b; He et al, 2011; Zhang et al, 2014). The effects of reduced anthropogenic emissions on primary and secondary aerosols in the city are illustrated, which has significant implications for developing air pollution control strategies in Beijing
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