Abstract
This study aimed to characterise aerosols sampled in the vicinity of a major industrialised area, i.e. the Vaal Triangle. It included thedetermination of oxidative potential as a predictive indicator of particle toxicity. Aerosol samples were collated through the cascadefiltering during an eight-month period (12 h over three days in one week). Three size fractions were analysed for organic carbon(OC), black carbon (BC) and oxidative potential (OP), while ionic content was presented as monthly and seasonal concentrations. Thecontinuous measurement of black carbon by an optical attenuation instrument was collated concurrently with cascade filtering. Thecarbonaceous content was low compared to the ionic one. Within the carbonaceous concentrations, the organic carbon was higherthan concentrations of black carbon in both seasons in the ultra-fine fraction; the opposite was the case for the fine fraction, whilethe coarse fraction concentrations of organic carbon in the dry season had higher concentrations than black carbon in the wet seasonand organic carbon in the wet season. The OP tended to increase as the size was decreasing for wet season aerosols, whereas, forthe dry season, the highest OP was exerted by the fine fraction. The ultrafine fraction was the one showing the most contrasting OPbetween the two seasons. Continuous monitoring indicated that the higher BC concentrations were recorded in the dry/winter partof the year, with the daily pattern of concentrations being typically bimodal, having both the morning and evening peaks in bothseasons. Within the ionic content, the dominance of sulphate, nitrate and ammonium was evident. Multiple linear correlations wereperformed between all determined compounds. Strong correlations of carboxylic acids with other organic compounds were revealed.These acids point to emissions of VOC, both anthropogenic and biogenic. Since they were equally present in both seasons, a mixtureof sources was responsible, both present in the wider area and throughout the year.
Highlights
Context and problemPollution is recognised to be a huge environmental threat, with air pollution being a leading cause of premature human death (Landrigan et al, 2018)
The carbonaceous content of both organic and black carbon was not high, and they are mostly similar in content in both seasons, an evident higher organic content in the dry season indicates the typical influence of the biomass burning season, which is prevalent in the 2nd part of the dry season
By detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by different particle characteristics, oxidative potential (OP) can be seen as an integrative indicator of aerosol exposure enabling the prediction of the aerosol effects on human/animal health within the South African context
Summary
Pollution is recognised to be a huge environmental threat, with air pollution being a leading cause of premature human death (Landrigan et al, 2018). The different air pollutants, their doses and time of exposure and in particular the pollutant mixtures to which humans are usually exposed lead to adverse impacts on human (and to animal) health that range from acute to chronic effects. Research article: Aerosol characterisation including oxidative potential as a proxy of health impact. Inhalation toxicology research has demonstrated that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the associated induction of oxidative stress in target cells may represent a key pathway by which ambient fine and ultrafine (sub-micrometre) size particles cause adverse health effects. Metals and redox cycling organic compounds are properties shown to be involved in ROS generation
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
