Abstract
Cost effective anode material with rational design is of significance for rechargeable potassium ion batteries (KIBs). Graphite anode currently still suffers unfavorable rate capability and moderate cycling stability. In this work, we report a mesoporous carbon sphere with rich porous structure as an anode material for KIBs with the assistance of an aerosol spray technology. The as-developed carbon spheres exhibit a well-defined spherical structure with favorable surface area of 1106.32 m2 g−1. Furthermore, the effect of different electrolytes on the electrochemical performance of the carbon anode has been investigated systematically. As expected, the carbon material shows excellent potassium storage performance in terms of improved specific capacity of 188.2 mAh g−1, rate capability and prolonged cyclability with a high capacity of 105.3 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at a rate of 100 mA g−1 toward potassium storage in KFSI based carbonate electrolyte.
Highlights
There are an ever-growing energy storage demands for high efficiency and low cost to power portable electronics, electric vehicles, and smart grid
The final mesoporous carbon spheres were obtained by removing the silica templates using dilute hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching
It can be seen that well-defined spherical SiO2/C particles with a size ranging from 100 nm to 2 μm were successfully synthesized by aerosol spraying process followed by carbonization in an inert atmosphere (Figure 2a)
Summary
There are an ever-growing energy storage demands for high efficiency and low cost to power portable electronics, electric vehicles, and smart grid. The relatively large radius of K+ (1.38 vs 0.76 Å of Li+) leads to sluggish kinetics and poor cycling performance for most electrode materials in KIBs. As compared to LIBs, the research on potassium ion batteries is still in its infant stage. Aerosol-spray technology exhibits the great advantages in the preparation of materials for energy storage, where electrode materials with a rich porous structure and adjustable size can be obtained. We have designed and fabricated a mesoporous carbon sphere (MCS) with rich porous structure as an anode material for potassium ion batteries with the assistance of an aerosol spray technology. The mesoporous carbon shows excellent potassium storage performance in terms of improved specific capacity of 188.2 mAh g−1, rate capability, and prolonged cyclability in KFSI based carbonate electrolyte
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