Abstract
c = airfoil mean chord cd = instantaneous drag coefficient cl = instantaneous lift coefficient cl = time average lift coefficient cP = instantaneous input power coefficient cP = time average input power coefficient ct = instantaneous thrust coefficient (ct cd) ct = time average thrust coefficient f = heaving frequency ha = heaving amplitude k = reduced frequency, fc=U1 Re = Reynolds number, U1c= St = Strouhal number, 2fha=U1 t = time U1 = freestream velocity = propulsive efficiency, ct= cP = fluid kinematic viscosity = fluid density
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