Abstract
Background: The goal was studying the differential effects of aerobic training (AT) vs. resistance training (RT) on cardiac and peripheral arterial capacity on cardiopulmonary (CP) and peripheral vascular (PV) function in sedentary and obese adults.Methods: In a prospective randomized controlled trial, we studied the effects of 6 months of AT vs. RT in 21 subjects. Testing included cardiac and vascular ultrasoundography and serial CP for ventricular-arterial coupling (Ees/Ea), strain-based variables, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD), and peak VO2 (pVO2; mL/kg/min) and peak O2-pulse (O2p; mL/beat).Results: Within the AT group (n = 11), there were significant increases in rVO2 of 4.2 mL/kg/min (SD 0.93) (p = 0.001); O2p of 1.9 mL/beat (SD 1.3) (p = 0.008) and the brachial artery post-hyperemia peak diameter 0.18 mm (SD 0.08) (p = 0.05). Within the RT group (n = 10) there was a significant increase in left ventricular end diastolic volume 7.0 mL (SD 9.8; p = 0.05) and percent flow-mediated dilation (1.8%) (SD 0.47) (p = 0.004). Comparing the AT and RT groups, post exercise, rVO2 2.97, (SD 1.22), (p = 0.03), O2p 0.01 (SD 1.3), (p = 0.01), peak hyperemic blood flow volume (1.77 mL) (SD 140.69) (p = 0.009), were higher in AT, but LVEDP 115 mL (SD 7.0) (p = 0.05) and Ees/Ea 0.68 mmHg/ml (SD 0.60) p = 0.03 were higher in RT.Discussion: The differential effects of AT and RT in this hypothesis generating study have important implications for exercise modality and clinical endpoints.
Highlights
The goal was studying the differential effects of aerobic training (AT) vs. resistance training (RT) on cardiac and peripheral arterial capacity on cardiopulmonary (CP) and peripheral vascular (PV) function in sedentary and obese adults
By intensively studying the coupling effects of central and peripheral vascular adaptations to moderate-length exercise training in at-risk humans, for the first time, relations among cardiorespiratory, cardiac and peripheral vascular measures have been integrated within the same study
Important new observations from this study are: (a) resistance and endurance exercise training have different but potentially congruent adaptations at the central and peripheral vascular levels resulting in differences in cardiorespiratory capacity, (b) with RT there was no increase in structural artery caliber or peak hyperemic blood flow or artery shear rates but there was an increase in flow mediated dilation coupled with increases in the ratio of ventricular-to-arterial elastance with
Summary
In a prospective randomized controlled trial, we studied the effects of 6 months of AT vs. RT in 21 subjects. Testing included cardiac and vascular ultrasoundography and serial CP for ventricular-arterial coupling (Ees/Ea), strain-based variables, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD), and peak VO2 (pVO2; mL/kg/min) and peak O2-pulse (O2p; mL/beat)
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