Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the magnitude of liver condamnination due to bacterial infection and to characterize aerobic bacteria causing camel liver condamnination in Nyala city, South Darfur, Sudan. Eight hundred and ten camel livers were inspected and one hundred and three liver samples were collected in 2008-2010. Bacteriological and serological methods were used to isolate and identify aerobic bacteria causing liver infection. Results showed that the bacterial lesions were found in 36 (35%) samples out of 103 condemned inspected camel livers, the others causes were hydatid cyst 37 (35.9%), fibrosis 26 (25.2%) and calcification 4 (3.9%). Bacterial lesions consist of: abscesses 22 (61.1%), caseated nodules 13 (36.1%) and one (2.8%) congestion. Out of 36 aerobically incubated samples, 29 showed bacterial growth (80.6%) and seven cultures (19.4%) showed no growth. The isolates were identified to Staphylococcus spp. 11 (37.9%) which included; Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 7 (63.6%), S. haemolyticus 3 (27.3%) and one (9.1%) S. caseolyticus while, Streptococcus pyogenes was found to be nine (31.0%) and Corynebactriumpseudotuberclosissix (20.7%). Mixed cultures (Staphylococcus and Streptococcus) were found to be three (10.3%). Many bacteria seem to be caused camel liver condamnination and the most one is S. aureustherefore, camel liver need carefully inspection and awareness about consumption of raw livermust be raise
Highlights
Sudan is the one of the largest camel population countries in the world (Wilson, 1984) and owns about 3.6 million head of camel (Report, 2003)
The settlement of camel breeders around has an apparent effect on societies living around them, especially in eating habits such as the consumption of camel meat lead many people eating raw camel livers and more than 100 camel head were slaughtered in Nyala slaughterhouse per month (MAR, 2009)
Camel liver abscesses were reported by many investigators (Buxton and Fraser, 1977; Radwan et al, 1989; Andrade, 1991; Al-Ani et al, 1998; Teixeira et al, 2001 and Hamad, 2008) and Rosa et al (1989) reported that liver abscesses caused by Fusobacteriumnecrophorum and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Summary
Sudan is the one of the largest camel population countries in the world (Wilson, 1984) and owns about 3.6 million head of camel (Report, 2003). More than 80% of camel populations in Sudan were found in Kordofan and Darfur States (Idris, 2003). A total of 1170265 head in Southern Darfur;158239 head in Northern Darfur and 4634 head in Western Darfur according to Ministry of Animal Resource (MAR, 2009). Camel breeders were forced to settle in South Darfur due to drought and desertification. The settlement of camel breeders around has an apparent effect on societies living around them, especially in eating habits such as the consumption of camel meat lead many people eating raw camel livers and more than 100 camel head were slaughtered in Nyala slaughterhouse per month (MAR, 2009). Camel liver abscesses were reported by many investigators (Buxton and Fraser, 1977; Radwan et al, 1989; Andrade, 1991; Al-Ani et al, 1998; Teixeira et al, 2001 and Hamad, 2008) and Rosa et al (1989) reported that liver abscesses caused by Fusobacteriumnecrophorum and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
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