Aerial and Under-water Dronal Communication: Potentials, Issues and Vulnerabilities

Abstract

The use of UAVs has been on the rise since the past decade. These UAVs are very versatile and can be applied to several fields ranging from agriculture to military reconnaissance. Due to the immense functionality of the UAVs, it has now become a very popular topic in Research. With the advent of Deep Learning and Machine Learning the autonomous navigation functionalities have been improved but it still poses a challenge as navigating a drone involves the integration of its software and hardware functionalities. This paper reviews both indoor and outdoor navigation. Topics in navigation such as Control, Hardware, Algorithms, Path-Planning, and communication are touched upon in this paper. The paper also presents a discussion on the Navigation of UAVs using vision-based technologies, this technology encompasses the use of various sensors and cameras and integrate it with the navigation system of the UAV to ensure the success of UAV’s operation. UAVs play a pivotal role in networking, many applications have been developed which have UAVs as an important component in them. Their applications include Urban computing, Internet of Things, Ubiquitous Computing to name a few. Safely operating a UAV as a network node is not a simple task, these nodes are prone to various types of attacks. A new type of attack introduced in this paper is termed as “Coagulation Attack”. This attack gets its name from the coagulation property of fluids wherein fluids clot and their particles settle down. This paper explores the concept, issues, challenges and research aspects of Coagulation attack. This paper also introduces the concept of Underwater Wireless Communication. On a planet where 70% of the surface is covered in water, UWC has a lot of potentials to be exploited. Moreover UWC is critical in many key areas of Maritime research, commerce, and surveillance. UWC is used for experimental observation, data collection and analysis, underwater navigation, disaster prevention and early detection warning of a tsunami. In addition, we summarize emerging technologies in the UWC, future research directions and recommendations using fifth-generation (5G) communication techniques.