Adventitious embryo formation derived from zygotic embryos in Cycas revoluta

Abstract

Numerous adventitious embryos of Cycas revoluta were successfully induced and grown on the mature zygotic embryos in the well-ripe, naked seeds used on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with 3.0% sucrose, 20% coconut milk, 0.6% agar and the growth regulators of 0.20 to 2.00 mg l−1 BAP and 0.00 to 0.20 mg l−1 2,4-D in combination at pH 5.9 42 to 84 days after the beginning of the culture. Maximum proliferation of 88.7±40.5 adventitious embryos per zygotic embryo was obtained on SH basal medium supplemented with 0.20 mg l−1 BAP and 0.02 mg l−1 2,4-D. Root formation was seen on all of the adventitious embryos by continuous culture on the same medium. Each rooted plantlet was isolated individually and then, grew big enough to juvenile stage that had one to three leaves with pinnate leaflets, thick trunk and primary tap root on SH basal medium without any growth regulator 196 days after the beginning of the culture and was ready for acclimatization.