Abstract

表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)外显子20插入突变是EGFR突变的第三大常见类别,约占所有EGFR突变阳性非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)的5%-12%。携带EGFR外显子20插入突变的NSCLC患者临床特征与“经典”EGFR激活突变人群相似,但预后很差。EGFR外显子20插入突变异质性高,可导致EGFR不同构象变化。大多数(几乎90%的病例)发生在α-C-螺旋后的Loop环结构区,最常报告的插入突变亚型为D770_N771 > ASVDN(A767_V769dupASV),突变频率为21%-28%。目前已知EGFR外显子20插入突变的NSCLC对既往已批准的EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂原发性耐药,而且对传统化疗和免疫治疗也不敏感。近期Amivantamab与Mobocertinib在美国的获批改变了EGFR外显子20插入突变的NSCLC患者的治疗模式。此外,针对NSCLC EGFR外显子20插入突变的其他新型靶向药物正在研发中,期待为该类患者带来更多生存获益。本文就近年来伴有EGFR外显子20插入突变的NSCLC的临床研究进展进行归纳总结,旨在为该类患者的临床治疗提供参考。

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