Abstract
Wound biofilms represent a particularly challenging problem in modern medicine. They are increasingly antibiotic resistant and can prevent the healing of chronic wounds. However, current treatment and diagnostic options are hampered by the complexity of the biofilm environment. In this review, we present new chemical avenues in biofilm sensors and new materials to treat wound biofilms, offering promise for better detection, chemical specificity, and biocompatibility. We briefly discuss existing methods for biofilm detection and focus on novel, sensor-based approaches that show promise for early, accurate detection of biofilm formation on wound sites and that can be translated to point-of-care settings. We then discuss technologies inspired by new materials for efficient biofilm eradication. We focus on ultrasound-induced microbubbles and nanomaterials that can both penetrate the biofilm and simultaneously carry active antimicrobials and discuss the benefits of those approaches in comparison to conventional methods.
Highlights
Antibiotic-resistant infections are threatening to become one of the major health crises in the world, with enormous socio-economic consequences
Some clinical symptoms of the formation of mechanisms of disease. Pathogenic biofilms, such as yellow exudate, pale wound bed, necrotic tissue, and clear tissue fluid, are distinguishable, the Ioanna Mela received her PhD in Pharmacology at the University of Cambridge (UK) and is currently a Research Associate in the Department of Chemical Engineering and bacterial aggregates in wound biofilms are not discernable by the unaided eye as they usually measure less than 100 mm in size.[31]
A growing movement is under way to are generally pro- find non-antibiotic alternatives to antibiotics due to the duced in excessive amounts during wound healing, and their emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains.[100]
Summary
Antibiotic-resistant infections are threatening to become one of the major health crises in the world, with enormous socio-economic consequences. Pathogenic bacteria are gaining resistance to modern, last-resort antibiotics at an alarming rate In this context, microbial biofilms represent a challenging problem. Increasing antibiotic resistance and chronic wound infection rates are expected to increase demand for early diagnosis and treatment of chronic wound biofilms. This review focuses on recent advances and current stateof-the-art in the field of wound biofilm detection and eradication. It focuses on novel, sensor-based approaches that show promise for early, accurate detection of biofilm formation on wound sites and that can be translated from laboratory applications to point-of-care settings. Only a limited number of reviews focus on detecting and eradicating biofilms that form on wound sites. Chemie biology to the pressing issue of wound biofilms and, through discussing exciting new technologies and chemical avenues, to stimulate further work in these areas
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