Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is a multifunctional transcription factor that belongs to the Runx family, which plays a key role in the process of ontogenesis and tumorigenesis. As an important role in regulating the development and maturation of osteoblasts and chondrocytes, Runx2 contributes to the commitment of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts lineage at the initial stage and inhibits the osteoblasts maturation and the transition of osteoblasts to osteocytes. Moreover, this transcriptional factor acts to promote the chondrocytes proliferation, hypertrophy and the surrounding vascular invasion, which facilitates endochondral ossification. Also, Runx2 boosts articular permanent cartilage hypertrophy and affects homeostasis of the cartilage. Runx2 has an impact on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and acts as the target gene of stress and hypoxia in regulating osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. This review summarized recent research progress in the role of Runx2 in skeletal development and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Key words: Runt-related transcription factor 2; Osteoblast; Chondrocyte; Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells; Review
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