Advances in the Manufacturing Process of Space Maintainers in Pediatric Dentistry: A Systematic Review from Traditional Methods to 3D-Printing

Abstract

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an innovative technology widely used in dentistry for manufacturing objects of various shapes using different materials. It has gained increasing popularity in the field of pediatric dentistry, particularly in the production of space maintainers, which serve as a preventive orthodontic treatment following the early loss of primary molars. Aims: In this systematic review, we present a comprehensive overview of the manufacturing process for space maintainers, ranging from traditional procedures to the advancements in 3D printing technology. Materials and Methods: Our review adheres to the PRISMA criteria and includes scientific articles published until 27 May 2023, without any restriction on the publication period and language. To conduct our research, we searched electronic databases, such as Medline, Web of Science, and Embase, using specific keywords and MeSH terms. Results: We identified 9 articles that discussed the CAD/CAM manufacturing and 3D printing of various types of space maintainers. Conclusions: Based on this systematic review, it is evident that 3D-printed space maintainers offer great potential as an alternative to conventionally processed ones, by addressing their limitations. However, further studies are required to evaluate the accuracy, efficacy, and clinical success rates of different 3D printing technologies, materials, and designs for additive manufacturing of space maintainers.