Abstract
Zero-valent iron (ZVI) has garnered widespread attention in the treatment of industrial wastewater due to its strong reducibility, low cost, ease of acquisition, and environmental friendliness. However, the application of ZVI is hindered by several drawbacks, particularly the agglomeration and surface passivation. In contrast to previous reviews, this paper provides a detailed overview of several methods of modifying ZVI and describes the effects of different materials or modification methods. The removal mechanisms of heavy metal ions, radionuclides, and halogenated organic pollutants by different modified ZVIs are also listed. The paper highlights the application of modified ZVI as an activator in the field of advanced oxidation as well as the application of different modified ZVI in real water bodies. The paper concludes with a prospective analysis, envisioning future research trajectories and applications of modified ZVI. This includes considerations for material selection, environmental impact assessments, enhanced adsorption capabilities, in-situ degradation, targeted generation of reactive species, and the scaling-up from laboratory to field settings. We also advocate for customized modifications catered to specific water body characteristics. It is hoped that this review can further promote the development of modified ZVI and provide references for its application in practical wastewater treatment.
Published Version
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