Abstract
With the increasing demands for vehicle dynamic performance, economy, safety and comfort, and with ever stricter laws concerning energy conservation and emissions, vehicle power systems are becoming much more complex. To pursue high efficiency and light weight in automobile design, the power system and its vehicle integrated thermal management (VITM) system have attracted widespread attention as the major components of modern vehicle technology. Regarding the internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), its integrated thermal management (ITM) mainly contains internal combustion engine (ICE) cooling, turbo-charged cooling, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooling, lubrication cooling and air conditioning (AC) or heat pump (HP). As for electric vehicles (EVs), the ITM mainly includes battery cooling/preheating, electric machines (EM) cooling and AC or HP. With the rational effective and comprehensive control over the mentioned dynamic devices and thermal components, the modern VITM can realize collaborative optimization of multiple thermodynamic processes from the aspect of system integration. Furthermore, the computer-aided calculation and numerical simulation have been the significant design methods, especially for complex VITM. The 1D programming can correlate multi-thermal components and the 3D simulating can develop structuralized and modularized design. Additionally, co-simulations can virtualize simulation of various thermo-hydraulic behaviors under the vehicle transient operational conditions. This article reviews relevant researching work and current advances in the ever broadening field of modern vehicle thermal management (VTM). Based on the systematic summaries of the design methods and applications of ITM, future tasks and proposals are presented. This article aims to promote innovation of ITM, strengthen the precise control and the performance predictable ability, furthermore, to enhance the level of research and development (R&D).
Highlights
Faced with the dual pressures of energy supply and environmental protection, vehicle manufacturers are dedicated to developing the vehicle integrated thermal management (VITM) systems to satisfy the requirements of performance reliability, fuel economy and human thermal comfort of modern vehicles [3,4,5,6]
According to their different power sources, vehicles can be mainly classified into three groups: internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), pure electric vehicles (PEVs) and HEVs [1,23], the research on the basic component s of vehicle thermal management (VTM) systems are quite different to some extent
The computer-assisted calculation and simulation has become the major design approach, especially for complex ITM systems. 1D programming can link multi-thermal components to the association, while 3D simulation can complete structuralized and modularized design, and 1D/3D co-simulation can virtualize the simulation of various thermo-hydraulic behaviors under transient vehicle operational conditions
Summary
The daily life and productivity of people worldwide suffer great inconveniences brought about by environmental pollution, ecological damage, global warming and greenhouse effects [1,2]. Modern vehicle integrated thermal management system can realize rational comprehensive control over over thermodynamic processes in terms of power system integration [9]. With the rapid development of computer technology, there exists more and more commercial software for VITM to analyze and simulate the multiple thermodynamic processes [12,13,14]. Compared to analysis of the hydraulic system, the 1D software KULI was developed for thermodynamic equilibrium and configuration matching for thermal dynamic components to for thermodynamic equilibrium and configuration matching for thermal dynamic components to ensure the performance of the power system, underhood cooling systems and HVAC [16]. Foundation of China (NSFC) and National Science and Technology, etc., Chinese scientific research institutions have explored ITM extensively and comprehensively to promote energy efficiency and light vehicle weight, and to strengthen precise control [22]. This article aims to promote innovation in vehicle ITM, strengthen precise control and performance predictable ability, and further improve the level of research and development (R&D) in this area
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