Abstract
We demonstrate the controlled alteration of bulk defects in CdTe single crystals and polycrystalline films to achieve high bulk minority-carrier lifetime and p-type doping. Low-temperature photoluminescence measurements confirm that bulk defect chemistry is altered by inserting intentional extrinsic dopants. Group I dopants such as copper display a tradeoff where increased doping decreases lifetime. By incorporating a Group V dopant source such as phosphorus, bulk lifetime values of 20-40 ns with acceptor density values of 0.7-1.0×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> are obtained in single and polycrystalline CdTe crystals. This exceptional combination of long lifetime and high p-type doping in a manufacturable material provides a path to increase open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and efficiency in CdTe photovoltaic devices.
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