Advances in Aloe Vera Pharmacology: An In-Depth Analysis of its Properties and Principal Active Compounds

Abstract

Aloe vera, traditionally used for treating skin wounds (burns, cuts, insect bites) and digestive ailments, is renowned for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. Recent research focuses on validating these traditional uses and elucidating the mechanisms behind them, with an emphasis on identifying responsible compounds. Key compounds like aloe-emodin, aloin, aloesin, emodin, and acemannan have been extensively studied. Moreover, contemporary research has explored new applications for Aloe vera and its active constituents. This review synthesizes the latest pharmacological studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials) published in English over the past six years (2014–2019). Particularly noteworthy is the emerging pharmacological evidence showing predominant research in anti-cancer activities, skin and digestive system protection, and antimicrobial properties. While most research to date has been in vitro and in vivo, clinical trials have primarily involved Aloe vera as a whole, rather than its isolated compounds. Consequently, investigating the clinical effects of key metabolites in various human conditions and diseases could provide valuable insights. The encouraging outcomes of basic research in these areas suggest a need for more extensive clinical trials to evaluate the practical application of Aloe vera and its primary compounds, particularly in areas like bone health, cancer, and diabetes management.