Advancements in Respiratory Surgery Anesthesia: A Collaborative Approach to Perioperative Management and Recovery

Abstract

Thoracic surgery is a highly complex field requiring collaboration between surgeons, anesthesiologists, pulmonologists, and other specialists. Successful outcomes depend on thorough preoperative evaluations that consider the patient’s overall health, lifestyle habits, and surgical risks. Key elements include proper intraoperative anesthesia management, postoperative pain control, and the integration of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols to optimize recovery. Double-lumen tubes (DLTs) are essential for one-lung ventilation during thoracic procedures, although they can be invasive. Recent advancements, such as video-assisted laryngoscopes, have improved the success of DLTs and reduced the invasiveness of DLT intubation and extubation. Postoperative pain management is crucial for minimizing complications and enhancing recovery. Techniques like epidural analgesia, nerve blocks, and patient-controlled analgesia improve patient outcomes by allowing early mobility and deep breathing. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a sedative with minimal respiratory impact, has shown promise in reducing delirium and aiding recovery. This review highlights the importance of teamwork, pain management, and emerging technologies in improving thoracic surgery outcomes. Advances in these areas, particularly within ERAS protocols, continue to enhance patient care and overall surgical success.