Advancements in nanomolar detection: reviewing colorimetric and fluorescence chemosensors for toxic ion detection

Abstract

This review explores recent advancements in nanomolar detection methods for toxic ions, focusing on colorimetric and fluorescence chemosensors. These sensors offer unparalleled sensitivity and selectivity, crucial for detecting toxic ions at ultra-low concentrations. By exploiting the interactions between target ions and receptor molecules, these chemosensors provide real-time monitoring capabilities vital for environmental, industrial, and biomedical applications. We delve into the underlying principles driving the design and fabrication of colorimetric and fluorescence chemosensors, highlighting strategies to enhance sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, we examine cutting-edge small molecule sensing platforms, including imidazole, benzothiazole, quinoline and Schiff base molecules. In summary, this review offers insights into the current landscape of nanomolar detection of toxic ions, underscoring the critical role of colorimetric and fluorescence chemosensors in addressing environmental and public health challenges.