Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are the fastest growing therapeutic class in medicine today. They hold great promise for a myriad of indications, including cancer, allergy, autoimmune and infectious diseases. However, the wide accessibility of these therapeutics is hindered by manufacturing and purification challenges that result in high costs and long lead times. Efforts are being made to find alternative ways to produce and deliver antibodies in more expedient and cost-effective platforms. The field of mRNA has made significant progress in the last ten years and has emerged as a highly attractive means of encoding and producing any protein of interest in vivo. Through the natural role of mRNA as a transient carrier of genetic information for translation into proteins, in vivo expression of mRNA-encoded antibodies offer many advantages over recombinantly produced antibodies. In this review, we examine both preclinical and clinical studies that demonstrate the feasibility of mRNA-encoded antibodies and discuss the remaining challenges ahead.
Highlights
Antibodies are components of the human adaptive immune system that are crucial to prevent, control and resolve infections [1]
Through the natural role of mRNA as a transient carrier of genetic information for translation into proteins, in vivo expression of mRNA-encoded antibodies offer many advantages over recombinantly produced antibodies. We examine both preclinical and clinical studies that demonstrate the feasibility of mRNA-encoded antibodies and discuss the remaining challenges ahead
Further reduction in stimulation of innate immunity has been obtained by stringent mRNA purification by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which can remove the aberrant RNAs created in the in vitro transcription (IVT) reaction [63,64]
Summary
Antibodies are components of the human adaptive immune system that are crucial to prevent, control and resolve infections [1]. Vaccines 2021, 9, 108 an individual, using a viral vector, DNA or RNA, circumvents some of the challenges associated with large-scale production and characterization of traditional recombinant approaches and potentially allows for the design and generation of more complex antibody molecules that may exhibit improved efficacy [22]. These approaches may result in faster antibody development and are well-suited to respond to pandemic situations. The immunogenicity of the viral vector, along with other safety concerns such as the risk of insertional mutagenesis for AAV [35,36], limits this approach for mAb immune therapies
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