Abstract
Remarkable attention has been committed to the recently discovered cost effective and solution processable lead-free organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells. Recent studies have reported that, within five years, the reported efficiency has reached 9.0%, which makes them an extremely promising and fast developing candidate to compete with conventional lead-based perovskite solar cells. The major challenge associated with the conventional perovskite solar cells is the toxic nature of lead (Pb) used in the active layer of perovskite material. If lead continues to be used in fabricating solar cells, negative health impacts will result in the environment due to the toxicity of lead. Alternatively, lead free perovskite solar cells could give a safe way by substituting low-cost, abundant and non toxic material. This review focuses on formability of lead-free organic-inorganic halide perovskite, alternative metal cations candidates to replace lead (Pb), and possible substitutions of organic cations, as well as halide anions in the lead-free organic-inorganic halide perovskite architecture. Furthermore, the review gives highlights on the impact of organic cations, metal cations and inorganic anions on stability and the overall performance of lead free perovskite solar cells.
Highlights
Organic inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have shown significant improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) from the initial efficiency of 3.8% [1] to about 22% [2]
This review discusses the recent advancement of lead-free organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells
One step deposition technique was repeatedly adopted for depositing MBI, in which both BiI2 and methyl-ammonium iodide (MAI) dissolved in a common solvent such as DMF-based film formamide (DMF) and spin cast on a glass substrate, the fabricated device, may result in poor morpholgy, homogeneity and low film coverage
Summary
Organic inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have shown significant improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) from the initial efficiency of 3.8% [1] to about 22% [2]. Photovoltaic community conducted a lot of research aiming to co-workers applied rigid model infor organic cations and overcome thesphere toxicity challenge perovskite based solar cells byassumed substituting rotational. Many researchers are committed to discover further possible lead-free perovskite absorber material and to modify the device architecture, giving rise to momentous advancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a lead-free organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cell [8]. This review discusses the recent advancement of lead-free organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells. It includes the experimental results, theoretical results of lead-free perovskite solar cells, and focuses on different possible substitutions in the three components of the lead free perovskite absorber layer; organic cations, metal cations and halide anions
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