Abstract
In the classic source-filter model of speech production, flow modulation is the source of sound. Modulation of the flow refers to the fact that the volume flow, Q, is changing as the glottis opens and closes. Furthermore, studies have shown that the maximum flow declination rate (MFDR), which occurs during the latter part of the closing phase, is highly correlated with acoustic intensity (loudness) and acoustic energy in the higher harmonics. Therefore, measurements of the glottal airflow can provide important insights into voice mechanisms, dysfunction and efficiency. In recent years, particle image velocimetry (PIV) have become the method of choice for measuring Q because the technique can quantify, non-intrusively, the spatial and temporal information of the flow. The discussion includes progress of PIV measurements, from 2D to tomographic measurements, in the excised canine larynx model. Key findings related to intraglottal flow and glottal geometry, and their extension to modeling of voice mechanisms, are described.
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