Abstract
Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs), including Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) and solar plants, have different and in some cases more complex fault current characteristics compared to conventional Synchronous Generators (SGs). Hence, large-scale integration of IBRs in power systems is expected to impact the performance of legacy protective relays set under the assumption of a conventional SG-dominated power system. It is therefore necessary to study the performance of protection system under IBRs to ensure its efficiency. This paper studies transmission line protection schemes of a realistic network with high concentration of offshore Wind Parks (WPs) in a wholistic manner considering line current differential, distance, and overcurrent protection schemes. Conducted fault analysis using a simulation model of the system illustrates potential protection problems in overcurrent protection and resistive coverage of distance protection under contingency scenarios. Many studies focusing on the performance of distance protection do not consider the fault resistance which increases the likelihood of maloperation under the influence of IBRs as shown in this paper. Moreover, the existing studies focus often on one protection scheme, which is not the state-of-the-art practice in high voltage transmission line protection.
Published Version
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