Abstract
Negative impacts from the dominant use of petroleum-based transportation have propelled the globe towards electrified transportation. With this thrust, many technological challenges are being encountered and addressed, one of which is the development and availability of fast-charging technologies. To compete with petroleum-based transportation, electric vehicle (EV) battery charging times need to decrease to the 5–10 min range. This paper provides a review of EV fast-charging technologies and the impacts on the battery systems, including heat management and associated limitations. In addition, the paper presents promising new approaches and opportunities for power electronic converter topologies and systems level research to advance the state-of-the-art in fast-charging.
Highlights
In the past few decades there has been a steady transition from petroleum–based to electric-based transportation in all sectors, including aircraft, trains, ships, and electric vehicles (EVs)
EVs offer increased efficiency through better fuel economy, reduced emissions/pollution, and EVs help the U.S to have a greater diversity of fuel choices for transportation
Since the negative pulse pulls a small amount of energy from the battery, circuit configurations that recapture that energy have been devised [45]
Summary
In the past few decades there has been a steady transition from petroleum–based to electric-based transportation in all sectors, including aircraft, trains, ships, and electric vehicles (EVs). Energies 2019, 12, 1839 power to the vehicle as DC, while Level 1 and Level 2 charging often times contain onboard electronic converters, allowing for AC energy transfer. The need for fast charging exists for consumer convenience as to not limit drivers to the daily average driving distance (31.5 miles/day), while improving the energy transfer rate to closer values to that of gasoline and diesel refueling stations.
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