Abstract
Almost every type of crude oil and hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir is paramagnetic to be analyzed with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). This chapter describes basic EPR techniques. It deals with pulsed EPR techniques such as electron spin echo, electron spin echo envelope modulation and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR). The chapter describes HYperfine Sublevel CORrelation spectroscopy as applied to the study of oil asphaltenes and provides examples of petroleum research using ENDOR. The most EPR spectrometers operate in continuous wave (CW) mode. In CW mode, low-power microwave (MW) radiation is constantly applied to the sample. In contrast to CW EPR, in which continuous MW radiation reveals a picture of splitting the energy levels, pulsed EPR techniques can shed light on the dynamic behavior of the system, measure relaxation times, allowing untwisting complex spectra of interacting paramagnetic species/centers, and so on.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
