Adulteration in dietary supplements: HPTLC profiling of Withania somnifera and Terminalia bellirica

Abstract

In the realm of traditional medicine, (Withania somnifera), commonly known as Ashwagandha, has long been revered for its multifaceted benefits, earning it the moniker "Indian Ginseng" or winter cherry within Unani systems. Its reputation precedes it, boasting a spectrum of advantageous properties such as antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, research suggests its potential efficacy against various cancers including breast, colon, prostate, ovarian, and lung cancer. Similarly, Terminalia bellirica, referred to as Behra, holds its own array of therapeutic potential, addressing maladies ranging from headaches to liver disorders, gastrointestinal discomforts, common colds, and constipation. However, the widespread popularity of these medicinal plants has led to concerns regarding their sustainability. Overexploitation poses a significant risk, potentially depleting these valuable resources. Compounded with this risk is the issue of adulteration or contamination, where other plant parts or species resembling the authentic herbs are utilized, compromising the safety and efficacy of the end the product. In a recent investigation, two samples each of authentic and commercial Withania somnifera and Terminalia bellirica were subjected to rigorous assessment through physiochemical, phytochemical, TLC, and HPLC chromatographic methods. Alarming findings surfaced, revealing instances of adulteration or contamination in both the Ashwagandha and Behra products. Phytochemical analyses and HPTLC profiles of various extracts unveiled the intentional or unintentional addition of undesired herbs or substitutions. These adulterants not only jeopardize the expected therapeutic outcomes but also dilute the potency and safety of the herbal medicines flooding the local markets. This study serves as a clarion call for stringent authentication measures in the procurement and utilization of herbal medicines. High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) emerges as a reliable tool for confirming adulteration, urging stakeholders to adopt thorough authentication protocols to safeguard public health and preserve the integrity of traditional herbal remedies.