Abstract
It is established beyond doubt that new neurons are born in discrete areas of the adult brain throughout the lifetime of most mammals. Recent findings have shed new light on the regional limitations, regulation, and possible function of adult neurogenesis. This article aims to look critically at the existence and relevance of adult neurogenesis under physiological conditions, based on recent advances in the field. We also evaluate the therapeutic potential of adult neurogenesis and what is realistic to expect from the future. We conclude that, to date, little is known with certainty about why new neurons are generated in the adult brain. Until there is more causal evidence at hand, assumptions about the potential functions of new neurons remain hypothetical. Provided we learn how to safely regulate proliferation, migration, and proper maturation of new neurons, endogenous neurogenesis could be a promising source of new cells for replacement therapies.
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