Abstract
This study evaluated the suitability of an adsorption technique in drainage water treatment for irrigation purposes. The water samples for this study were sourced from different spots of Al-MASAB AL A’AM river. Three different locations (Latifia, Yusufiyah, and Swerah area) were considered in this study. Several studies have reported the use of activated carbon and ion exchangers for water treatment. In this work, a cheap alternative bio-filtration media (activated carbon derived from Apricot stones (ASAC)) was used. Several parameters are required in this technique for various estimations; such parameters include the chemical and physical properties of the water samples (like the pH, ionic concentration, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS). The Freundlich equations was also applied to study the chemical adsorption process using ASAC. Also calculated were the adsorption constant (k) and the number of adsorbents (n). From the results of this study, the applied process was suitable for the removal of Ca+2, Mg+2andCO3-2ions from the sampled water.
Highlights
The increase in the global population, as well as the improvements in the peoples’ way of life, have resulted in an increase in the demand for water
Serious health challenges could emerge from the use of low-quality water for agricultural purposes; it could result in soil degradation and decreased crop yield [1,2]
The classification presented by Richard [3] is based on the relationship between sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and electrical conductivity (EC), while Ayers & Westcot [4] presented a classification that depended on the five groups that represent the hydro-chemical changes, including the salinity, cations and anions concentrations measured in, nutrients measured in, and the influence of other miscellaneous materials
Summary
The increase in the global population, as well as the improvements in the peoples’ way of life, have resulted in an increase in the demand for water. Among the characteristics of activated carbons is high mechanical strength. Activated carbons can be produced from the shells of coconut and other nuts [7] via a chemical activation process. During the preparation of activated carbon from shells, NaOH is used as the activation agent at a high temperature of 700°C [8]. Other sources of activated carbon include almond shells via carbonization in N2 stream, followed by activation in CO2 stream [10]; plum kernels via carbonization, followed by CO2 activation [11]; macadamia nuts via high temperature activation at 900оС, followed by a mixture of water, air, and CO2 streams [12]. This study investigated the adsorption characteristics of drainage water using ASAC as adsorbent. Studied was the influence of certain parameters (such as the initial concentration of dye, dosage, temperature, and pH) on dye removal
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