Abstract
To reduce the anthropogenic CO2 emissions produced from fossil fuel burning plants, the application of carbon capture and storage (CCS) is necessary and development of a more efficient and economically feasible CO2 capture process is essential as an alternative to the conventional amine scrubbing process which uses aqueous amine solutions. CO2 capture can be enhanced by improving both the gas–solid contact efficiency and by tuning a specific high-performance sorbent. The aim of this research is to investigate the adsorption of CO2 using impregnated mesoporous silica in a “confined-fluidized bed”. This non-conventional fluidized bed (sometimes also termed the “packed-fluidized bed”) seems suitable for improving the efficiency of gas–solid processes for which the bypass effect of the gas–solid contact caused by bubbling represents a major drawback. Results, expressed as grams of CO2 adsorbed per kilogram of material, are discussed in terms of amine load in the sorbent, breakthrough time and fraction of bed utilized. The stability of the materials after regeneration cycles is also discussed. The results obtained confirm that the confinement of the bed allows exploiting fluidization technology in adsorption operations. The operating velocity can be fixed at a value at which the thermal effects also connected to the operation are kept under control.
Highlights
The estimates released in a new report from the Global Carbon Project, an international research consortium dedicated to tracking the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, represents an increasing long-term trend of the total carbon emissions from all human activities, including industrial activities and burning of fossil fuels, agriculture and land use [1]
The presence of other contaminants in the exhaust gas, such as NOx, SOx, and particulate matter, are not crucial because they are usually separated before the CO2 capture process, but the low partial pressure of CO2 in the flue gas at atmospheric pressure, derived by the CO2 concentration within
Chemical absorption technology is more mature, its character of being energy intensive is still motivating many scientists to find alternatives [3]; the overall cost of a CO2 capture process is 52–77 USD/tonnes CO2 [4] and most energy consumption comes from the solvent regeneration step, occupying about 60% of the required energy
Summary
The estimates released in a new report from the Global Carbon Project, an international research consortium dedicated to tracking the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, represents an increasing long-term trend of the total carbon emissions from all human activities, including industrial activities and burning of fossil fuels, agriculture and land use [1]. 13–15%, is the limiting factor, as it is a very low driving force for its separation. For this reason, monoethanolamine-based chemical absorption or a scrubbing process is currently the most suitable. Chemical absorption technology is more mature, its character of being energy intensive is still motivating many scientists to find alternatives [3]; the overall cost of a CO2 capture process is 52–77 USD/tonnes CO2 [4] and most energy consumption comes from the solvent regeneration step, occupying about 60% of the required energy
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