Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetic Studies for the defluoridation from Aqueous Solution Using Eco-friendly Natural Adsorbent like Terminalia Chebula

Abstract

A practical technique for removing fluoride from aqueous solutions by adsorption was created using the natural adsorbent known as Terminalia Chebula with a primary emphasis on adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies. The experimental results showed the best conditions for removing fluorine ions as follows: the dosage of the natural adsorbent: 50 mg / L, contact reaction time: 40 mins, shaking speed = 120 rpm, temperature = 32 o C. The amount of removal of fluorine ions was found to be > 98% fluoride within a shorter time and reached adsorption equilibrium within 40 minutes with a maximum defluoridation capacity of 20.92 mg / g. At lower solution pH (3 to 5), there is higher fluoride adsorption on the adsorbent surface and as the pH becomes alkaline (pH > 7) the adsorption capacity decreased. The two co-ions namely NO3− and Cl− removed the fluoride 79% whereas, the phosphate ions did not have any marked effect on the defluoridation. The pseudo-second-order kinetic order such Langmuir, Empirical Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms can well predict the adsorption equilibrium rate to be at 0.044 mg / L with contact time (t) of 30 mins. In addition to that the adsorption is characterized by SEM, X-ray diffraction and FTIR techniques. This study has ultimately found that the Terminalia Chebula is a workable, natural material for fluoride elimination.