Abstract
To overcome some of the limitations of activated carbon like efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and reusability, the present work deals with Cu(I)-based polyaniline (PANI) composite for the removal of reactive orange 16 (RO16) dye. Following the synthesis and characterization of formed Cu(I)-PANI composite, the batch experiments performed for the removal of RO16 dye indicated that the composite has the capacity to reduce the coloring from RO16. The experiments were conducted for the study of effects against changes in pH, time, and dose at room temperature, where we observed for a pH impact on the dye adsorption capacity in the range of 2–12. Among all, the optimal RO16 removal was found to be 94.77% at a pH of 4 and in addition, the adsorption kinetics confirmed to be pseudo-second-order with more suitability towards the Langmuir isotherm, where it is presumed to be the formation of a monolayer of dye molecule at the homogeneous absorbent surface. The calculated maximum capacity, qm, determined from the Langmuir model was 392.156 mg/g. Further application of isotherms to attain thermodynamic parameters, a slight positive value of ΔS° for RO16 adsorption was observed, meaning that there is an increased randomness in the irregular pattern at the specific Cu(I)-PANI interface for an adsorption process. This mechanism plays an essential role in maintaining the effects of water pollution; and, based on the analysis therefore, it is prominent that the Cu(I)-PANI composite can be employed as a promising and economical adsorbent for the treatment of RO16 and other dye molecules from the sewage in wastewater.
Highlights
In recent years, the increased demand to obtain pure drinking water with only limited resources has garnered interest in the development of new technologies for water purification and in upgrading the traditional water management processes
FiFgiugreu1rae,b1sah,bowsshtohewcsomthpearicsoomn opfathreisSoEnMoimf tahgees SoEf CMu(Ii)m-PAagNeIscoomf pCosuit(eI)a-tPtAwoNI comp dtiwffeorednitfmfeargennifitcmatiaognns i(sficcaaletsioonf 2s μ(mscaanleds1o00f n2mμ) mandanfrdom1t0h0e nfigmur)ea, int dcanfrboemnotthiceedfigure, tnhaotttihcedPAthNaI tsuthrfeacPeAisNsoIftsaunrdfapcoeroiusss. oft and porous. These surface-porous sites may serve as the stable houses for the localization of adsorbent molecules when the Cu(I)-PANI composite is employed for adsorption-related applications
The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used for testing the thermal stability of Cu(I)-PANI composite where the material was kept to rest at 30 ◦C for 1 min, and, after that, it was heated between 30 and 600 ◦C at 10 ◦C/min (Figure 1c)
Summary
The increased demand to obtain pure drinking water with only limited resources has garnered interest in the development of new technologies for water purification and in upgrading the traditional water management processes. The textile industry makes use of dye cellulose fibers as an alternative to the reactive dyes and they are characterized through the N=N bond, where the coloring of such dyes is because of the azo bond linked to the chromophores. The hydrolyzed dyes (%) have a hydroxyl ion that does not react with the cellulose fiber and so, approximately 10–50% of the initial dye load is available in the dye and in that way they have the ability to form highly colored effluent [3]. The main problem with the reactive dyes is that they cannot be removed quickly by means of the typical wastewater treatment processes; this is due to their fundamental features: namely, high pH and salt concentration, resistance to light, stability etc. It is highly important to remove the azo dyes from the wastewater effluent before they are released into the reservoirs, rivers, and other water streams
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