Abstract
Dowex® HCR-S ion-exchange resin was used to adsorb ectoine in a batch system under varying operation conditions in terms of contact time, temperature, pH value, initial concentration of ectoine, and type of salt. Six adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich, Sips, and Redlich–Peterson) and three kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion) were used to investigate the ectoine adsorption mechanism of ion-exchange resin. According to the experimental results, the mechanism of ectoine adsorption using an ion exchanger includes the ion-exchange reaction and physisorption. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich models were found to have a high fitting. For the kinetic analysis, the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were suitable to describe the ectoine adsorption. Dowex® HCR-S resin has an average saturated adsorption capacity of 0.57 g/g and 93.6% of ectoine adsorption at 25~65 °C, with an initial concentration of 125 g/L. By changing the pH of the environment using NaOH solution, the adsorbed ectoine on the ion-exchange resin can be desorbed to 87.7%.
Highlights
In recent years, because of increasing ultraviolet ray exposure and changes in social awareness, people have gradually paid more attention to skin and health care products.Ectoine (C6 H10 O2 N2 ) [(S)-2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid]) is a chemical with a potentially high value and promising biotechnology, agriculture, pharmaceutical, and cosmiceutical applications
The analysis results showed that the adsorption of ectoine using Dowex® HCR-S resin fits best when using the Sips isotherm
In group I, ectoine adsorption is more favorable at lower temperatures, establishing physisorption
Summary
Because of increasing ultraviolet ray exposure and changes in social awareness, people have gradually paid more attention to skin and health care products.Ectoine (C6 H10 O2 N2 ) [(S)-2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid]) is a chemical with a potentially high value and promising biotechnology, agriculture, pharmaceutical, and cosmiceutical applications. With its strong water-binding ability, ectoine can have a long-term moisturizing effect on human skin that is better than that of glycerol and relieve inflammation symptoms in allergic conjunctivitis. Ectoine can block and protect biomolecules from the exposure damage of UV radiation and oxidative stress. Ectoine, which is an extremolyte, maintains the osmotic balance to protect biomolecules and cell structures by forming and stabilizing protective water layers around them. It can protect skin under conditions of extreme dehydration, heating, drying, and freezing [1,2]. Ectoine works as a multifunctional agent and demonstrates protective effects for proteins, DNA, food, human cells, and tissues. Ectoine has potential in other fields as well, and further research and innovations are possible [3,4]
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