ADOPTION OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION PRACTICES: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS AND ATTITUDINAL COMPONENTS

Abstract

Agricultural production requires two main resources; water, as a source of life, and soil, as a living environment. Water and soil conservation is a critical issue in areas facing water and soil resource constraints. The purpose of this review paper is to provide an overview on the theoretical frameworks used in the analysis of the adoption of water and soil conservation practices. Different models and frameworks have been used in the analysis of the acceptance and/or adoption of new technologies and practices; these include Technology acceptance model, Motivational model, Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, Innovation diffusion theory and the Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. The Icek Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has been used as a conceptual framework in many studies on the factors affecting the adoption of water and soil conservation practices. The TPB allows examining the impact of individual factors (i.e. attitude), social norms (cf. subjective norms) and situational factors (i.e. perceived behavioral control) on the adoption of practices. It posits that if a person assesses the suggested behavior as positive (cf. attitude) and if he/she thinks that others want them to perform the behavior (cf. subjective norm), these result in a higher intention and motivation to do so. However, the TPB has some limitations such as not considering environmental/contextual and economic factors that may affect the individual’s intention to perform a behavior. Therefore, despite the widespread use of the TPB model, the paper concludes that the UTAUT seems a better model in understanding the dynamics of acceptance and adoption of water and soil conservation practices.