Adoption of Genetically Modified Crops Can Ensure Food Security in India

Abstract

Transgenic technology has resulted in the development of various genetically modified (GM) plants for the improvement in several agronomic traits. Some of the very famous examples of genetically modified plants or transgenic plants are Bt transgenics like Bt cotton and Bt brinjal for insect and pest tolerance, Flavr Savr tomatoes for delayed ripening, golden rice for enhanced vitamin A content. The possibilities of genetically modified crops are immense. Global human population is increasing tremendously and cultivable land is diminishing. Transgenic technology has the potential to achieve a balance between these two. Adoption of GM crops can play an important role in increasing agricultural productivity and ensure India’s food security. Field trials of GM crops across the world showed that it boosted crop yields by 22% and reduced chemical pesticides by 37%. Recently, eminent agricultural scientist M. S. Swaminathan has made a strong case in favour of smooth approval process towards field trials of genetically modified crops in India. However, a certain section of critics and activists do not support this technology. They are against the commercialization of GM crops. Their concerns are regarding the biosafety, social, economic and ethical acceptability of GM plants. These concerns require massive public awareness by the scientific community regarding the real facts of these genetically modified plants. GM plants have tremendous potential in solving the present problems. To ensure food security, governments need to ensure an enabling environment for genetically modified technology research and adoption.