Administrative Groups as Social Systems

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To the developement of the theories of social system, two ways are considered. One is from the point of view of social origin, the other is from efficiency. The former is taken up by structural aspect, the latter is functional. In handling administrative groups as social system, analyses should be carried out, in the first place, with functional aspect. Administrative groups, such as industries, schools, labor unions, ships' crews, and orchestra, having their goals in terms of efficiency, and therein lie their formal and informal organizations. Networks of human relations, from mere membership to intimate clique, are interwoven in various ways. Structural-functional analyses of these complex networks are followed by complementarity, substitutability, friction etc. of the elements by which groups are organized. Hypothesises are verified, patterns presented, and equilibrium theories exhibited in this way. However, there are also, in accordance with conditions linked up with up-side social systems in which the groups as social systems are contained, types of interdependencies of social systems. Linked up structures 'and functions are shown in external as well as internal range, as we could get concrete frame of reference. I am not saying too much when I say that the problems of the theories of social system can be focused on how to unite micro-analyses with macro-analyses. The data are (1) a case that the value system in white collar labor union of Closed Institutions Liquidating Commission (Marunouchi, Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo) is involved in unique system of the commission, (2) a case that the efficiencies in management and labor of W Textile Mfg. Co. (Notobe town, Ishikaw a Pref.) are reflected from ways of life of the community, especially EBOSHI relation, and (3) a case that adolescent girls of T High school (Horinouchi, Suginami Ward, Tokyo) are destined to have threefold relation which could be generalised to all adolescent groups.